Duplicating machine



sept. 3, 1940.,

E. J. "cooK 2,213,305

DUELICATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 2o, 1937 e' sheets-sheet 1 EveetLJ. Con

* sept. 3, 1940.

E. J. COCK DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed Dec.A 20, 1937 6 Sheets-SheetY 5 Fig? v Y. Evere/tt J.

ATroRNEY-s Fig. l.

Sept. 3, 19.40;

E. .1. cooK DUPLICATING MACHINE 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Dec. 20. 193'7 INVENTOR Everett J. Cook ATTORNEY.

4BY Y Patented Sept. 3, 1940 lEverett J.' cook, Toledo, ome, assigner to n. n. Buggie & Company, Toledo, Ohio, a corporationl of h50 l `Application December 20, 13 3'1, Serial No. 180,909 y V2s claims. (ciao- 135)V 'I'his invention relates generally to duplicating machines and refers more particularly to apparatus of this character having a tool controlled by an optical system which includes av photoelectric cell positioned to scan the pattern to be duplicated.

It is onev of the principal objects orthis' invention to provide a duplicating machine' having a plurality of work shaping tools predeterminw edly located with respect to a corresponding number of work blanks and operated as a unit'to form each of the work blanks to the exact shape of a pattern by means controlled by a single optical system located in a position to scan the i5 pattern and including a photoelectric cell. Thus,

it will be seen that the present 'invention ren.- ders it possible to simultaneously fashion a plurality of work blankseto the exact shape of a` vgiven pattern with a single control system and,-

as a. result, production of the work is not only expedited, but the cost of` manufacture is appreciably reduced.

Another feature of this invention resides in the` novel means provided for effecting' the. re-

quired relative movements of the patternI and optical system tov insure scanning the entire surface of the pattern to be duplicated and for effect- V j ing-similar relative movements of the work blanks andl associated tools. In the specific embodiment of the invention, provision is made for feeding the tools and optical system as a vunit relative to the work and pattern in directions transverse to each otherso that the entiresurface of the pattern to be duplicated is scanned' by the optical system and the corresponding surfaces of the 3 work blanks are traversed by the tools.

stili another feature of this invention cnnsistsin maintaining the cutting rend portion of eacliV tool substantially normal to theadjacent 40. cillating the work blanks relative .to the tools.

This feature is particularly advantageous in cases where the surface to be duplicated on the work blanks isarcuate or rounded inicontour.

A further object of this invention is to pro'- vide a duplicating machine wherein the are maintained substantially normal to the surfaces ofthe work blanks, being shaped,virrespec tive of whether these surfaces are relatively 0 straight or'cu'rved by incorporating-"means in the -machine for independently controlling the oscil'- lation of thework blanks and the operation of the transverse feeding means in accordance with the shape ofthe surfaceof the pattern to .be du- 1- in accordance with this invention;

work blank during the forming operation by os-M plicated. For example, when cutting a relatively Figure 8;

straight transverse portion of the surface, provision. is made for discontinuing the-oscillatory movement of the work blanks and whencutting arcuateor -curved portions ofthe surface, the

- traversingv fegd is rendered inoperative. On the 5' `other hand, when cutting surfaces of various intermediate contours, it may be desirable to employ both movements and the machine is, of

course, designed to provide for this contingency.

A further object of this invention resides in 10 the provision of means for simultaneously and f automatically reversing-the direction of .oscilla-v tion of the work blanks and pattern, and the traversing movement of the tools and optical system relativeto the worky blanks and pattern.

Still another'advantageous 7feature of this invention resides in the provision ofl means for advancing the tools and opticalsystem by a step by stepA movement in avertical direction relative to the work blanks and pattern at the end of trans- 20.

verse movement of the tools and optical unit in each direction.

A still further' object of this invention consists in -the provision of means for preventing relative traversing movementjbetwee'nlthe tools g5 and work blanks during the interval the toolsare fed into the work.

In addition to the foregoing, vention contemplatesa relatively simple, compact machine for accomplishing the above results, and the latter, as well as other features o f the invention will Ibe made more apparent as this description proceeds, especially when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein: i V

Figure 1 is a plan viewv of a machine constructed Figure 2 is a vertical seetionru view tekenen the line'Z-Z of Figure 1; j

Figure 3 is a. plan view, partly in section', of 40 the scanning station;

Figure 4 is a sectional viewv taken substantially von the planelindicated by the line 4 4 of Figure'2: f

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken substantially 45 on' the plane indicated by the line 5 5 of Figure2;' f. Figure 6 is a plan view, partly in section, of one vof the work pieces andassociated tool; e o

Figure? is itenlarged sectional view of a portionofFigureZ; f'

Figure 8 is\a diagram of the control system; Figura 8A is va section on the line 8A- 8A of the present in- 5 v Figure 9 is a perspective view o! one of the work holding clamps; y

Figure 10 is a section on line ill-I0 of Figure 7 and Figure 11 is an enlarged sectional View of one of the electromagnetically controlled valves inlustrated in Figure 8. v

The machine selected for the purpose of illustrating this invention is designed to form molds and is particularly adapted to form bottle molds,

although it will be apparent from the following` description that the principles involved may be advantageously used in duplicating numerous other types of articles. In accordance with. conventional practice, the complete' bottle mold com-- prises a plurality, of sections which, vwhen assem bled, cooperate tov provide a cavity identical in `shape and size to the particular bottle it is desired .to manufacture. In the present instance, the bottle mold comprises two complementary sections and both of these sections are fashioned by the machine forming the subject matter o f this invention. In the event, however, that one sideof 'the bottle to be reproduced differs from the" opposite side, the mold sections are, of course, not complementary but, nevertheless, may be fashioned on the machine about to be describedby merely respectively scanning both sides of the bottle template in forming the two sections of the mold. In either case, the sameprinciples of loperation are used to' form both sections and, accordingly, the following descriptionwill be limited to the formation of only one of the sections.

In general, the machine selected herein for the purposeof illustrating the present invention comprises eight stations, six work supporting stations, one control station, and one pattern supporting station. Upon reference to Figure l,

it will be noted that the stations are concenf trically arranged with respect to a vertical axis A and are spaced equal distances from each other around` this axis. Located at each of the stations vis a face plate supported for oscillation about a vertical axis and provision is made for oscillating the face plates as a unit.

The face plate B at the pattern station is adapted tosupport a model C preferably covered with an aluminum, or some other light colored paint to enhance its reflection qua-lities and corresponding exactly in shape to the bottle it is desired to cast in the mold formed by this machine. Clamped to each of the face plates D is a Work blank E of the dimension required to form one-half of the mold cavities within which the bottles arevto be cast. It will, of course,

vbe understood that the pattern C and work blanks E are secured to their respective face plates for oscillation therewith as a unit.

Supported opposite each of the work blanks E at the radially inner sides of the latter is a tool F having a tapered cutting end for engagement with the radially inner surface of the work blank.

The tools F are carried by a table G supported for oscillation about the vertical axis A and also the axis A toward and away from the radially inner surface of the adjacent work blank. In the present instance, the spindles H and associated tools F are moved radially in unison by fluid pressure means I including a piston J recip- The ltools F extend radially' rocably mounted on the axis A and operatively vconnected to each of the spindles H. The general arrangement is such that when the piston J is moved in an upward direction, the tools F are moved radially outwar/dly toward the work blanks and when the piston is moved downwardly,4 the tools F are simultaneously moved'in the opposite direction away from the work blanks.v

Upon reference to Figure 3, it will be noted that an optical unit K'is located opposite' the pattern C Aat .the radially outer side of the pattern. and comprises a photo-electric c'ellvdevice L and a light projectorM. The optical unit is mounted on a carriage N supported on the table G opposite the pattern station and movable as a unit. with thev tools F radially of the axis A. Upon reference to Figure 2, it will be noted that ,the carriage` N is connected to a non-rotatable spindle 0 identical `to the tool spindles H and operatively connected to the piston J ofthe fluid pressure actuating means I for movement as a unit with the tool spindles H. Inasmuch as the tools F are .located opposite the radially inner sides of the work blanks and, in view of the fact that the optical unit K is positioned opposite the radially outer side of the pattern, it follows .that when the piston J is 'moved upwardly to effect a radially outward movement of the tool spindles H and optical unit spindle OHY toward the work blanks, the optical unit Kis actually moved in a direction away from the adjacent surface of the pattern. 0n the other hand, when the piston J is moved' downwardly to eifect a radially inward movement of the tool spindles j H and' optical spindle O away from the work blanks, the optical unit K is moved toward the adjacent surface of the pattern.

Upon reference to Figure 3, it will be noted that the projector M is provided with a lens barrel A' having a casing B at the outer end an'd having lreversing lenses C at the inner end. A lamp D' is supported in the, casing B' to supply light rays to the barrel and a plate F is supported in the lens barrel between .the lamp and lenses C'. The plate E is slotted, as at F', to permit the light rays to pass through the barrel and form an illuminated image on the adjacent surface of the pattern C. The image is reversedby the lenses C and forms a sharply defined contour line P, onv the surface of the pattern. The contour line represents a section of the pattern as viewed bythe photoelectric cell and is focused by the lenses Q on an apertured plate R supported in front, or at the inner side of the light sensitive cell.

The lens vbarrel of the photoelectric cell device L is supported withits axis extendingat an angle to the axis of the lens barrel associated with the projector M, and the line of sight S through the aperture T in the plate R intersects the adjacent edge of the beam of light cast by the projector in the manner shown by the dot and dash lines in Figure 3. The optical unit K is shown in Figure 3 as being so located with respect to the adjacent surface of the pattern C that the line of` sight S of the photoelectric cell device intersects the adjacent side of the beam oi' light cast by the projector on the surface of the pattern, and this relationship is maintained, irrespective of the contour of the pattern surface.

In actual practice. the image Areflected from the surface of thel pattern is focused on the plate R by the lenses Q with the contour line P of be noted that the relative position of the surface 'of the pattern to be duplicated and the optical unit Kyill vary inl accordance with the contour of the surface as the latter is traversed by the opticalunit. In view of the fact that the line of sight S of the photoelectric cell device forms a iixed angle with the light beam cast by the proljector, it follows that any movement of the surgface of the pattern C relative to the optical unit K eilects a movement of the reflected image'relative to the aperture T. Remembering that'the image is reversed by the projector lenses'C' so that the illuminated portion of the image extends to the left of the contour lineP, as viewed in Figure 3, the arrangement is such that if the surface of the patternC approaches the optical unit K ,the aperture T will, in effect, intercept the shadow or dark portion of the image and the intensity of. light passing throughthe aperture T is substantially reduced. On the other hand, if the surface of the pattern C moves in a direction awayy from the opticalunit K, the aperture Tintercepts the illuminatedhportion of the image and the intensity of light passing therethrough is substantially increased.

With the above in mind, attention is called to the fact that the light sensitive plate U of the cell is located in a position to be affected by the light passing through the aperture T. When theintensitypf light passing through the aperture T is increased, the photo'electric cell is rendered conductive in that an electron :flowl is effected from'the cathode or plate U of the cell to the anode V inl proportion to the intensity of the light energy passing through the aperture. IIn other words, the passage of light through the aperture T to the photoelectric cell causes a current to flow through the latter, and this relatively weak cur-lv rent is amplified by an amplifier W supported in a convenient position on the machine frame. f The amplifier circuit is not sh'own in detail herein but may be similar to the one disclosed inthe Thorpe application, Serial No. 146,943, illed June '7, 1937.

In any event, the amplifier is so designed that ythe potential in the output circuit of the last stage is reduced by the amplied photoelectric cell 'current to such an extent as to render the same nonconductive and is increasedto render the' last stage conductivewhenthe lightenergy passing l through the aperture T of the photoelectrlc cell is insufficient to provide the necessary iiow of current through the cell. A i

The output cir'c t ofthe amplifier is connected to the load coil X o an electromagnet having an 5 amature connected `to a valve Y for actuating the same. The valve Y is located in the fluid pressure supply line for actuating the PistonjJ and, accordingly, movement of the latter is controlledby the optical unit K. It follows from the D above that the last stage of the amplifier is rendered conductive when the intensity of the light energy passing through the aperture T is dimensioned by movement of the surface of the pattern C in a direction-toward the optical unit K. In4

5 view of the fact thatthe load coil X of the elec'- tromagnet is connected to the output circuit of' the last stage of the amplier, the electromagnet is energized andthe `valve Y is moved to a position ,wherein fluid pressure is admitted from the `sup- 0 ply lineto the underside o! the piston J, causing the latter to move upwardly. Upward movement of the piston J feeds the tools Fas aunit into vtheir respective work blanks and causes the opticalunit K to move in a direction away from the 5 adfajcent surface ci thepattern C. This/movement is continued until the aperture T intercepts the illuminated portion of the image whereupon -suiilcient light energy is impressed on the photol. electric cell fto, render the latter, conductive.4 As' ,i -soon as current ilows through thephotoelectric f cell by reason of the latter being conductive, the last stage of the amplier is rendered non-con- Y to a position wherein uid'under pressure is admitted to the means I at' the upper side of the pistoniJ. The action of the viiuictunder pressure on the top side of the piston J inoves the latter downwardly and, in turn, moves" the tools Fin a l5 direction away from the work blanks. Inasmuch as the loptical unit K is also connected to the piston J, and is positioned at the radially cuter side of the tempra, it follows that this una is moved' with the tools in a direction toward the'pattern" 20 C to return the'aperture T inl intersecting relation` with the contour line P lof the image.A

From the above, itwill be noted that the optical unit K is moved relative to the pattern C to maintain the aperture T in intersecting relation with 25 the contour line .P throughout the mold forming operation and, inasmuch as the tools F have the same movement as the optical unit, it follows that an exact replica of the vsurface of the pattern is duplicated in the work blanks. It will, of course, `80

be understood that as a. result of maintaining the aperture T in intersecting relation with the contour line P of the reflected image, the .optical unit K and tools Fhave a pulsating movement. However, the sensitivity of lthe 'photoelectri'c' cell is 85 such that .the pulsating movement is extremely y slight and `loesnotproduce any noticealile interruptions on the-surface of the mold. 1.

It will be understood that the combined oscillating and vertical movements of the table'G on o l the axis A provides for traversing the entire pattern surface' to be duplicated by the contour line P of the image and effects a corresponding traversing movement of the tools F relative tothe work blanks E. `In detail, thel table G is moved 5' a limited distance in a downward direction at the end at the transverse feed of the table in each directiomand this is accomplished hydraulically by a piston I5 reclprocably mounted in a cylinder @i6 havingits laxis coincident with the vertical 50 axis Af Ihe table G is secured tothe upper end of the piston I5 by means o'f a bracket I1, and the piston is normally lheld in its 'uppermost position shown inFigure 8 by iiuid under` pressure inthe' cylinder 'at the bottom side of the piston. In .'Fige4 u ure 8 ofthe drawings, the lower end of the cylinder i6 show n as communicating with a fluid pressure supply lineA I 8 'and with a meteringvalve vi9 through al valve 2 0.- The valve 20 is manually operated and is adapted to selectively connect the y lower end of the -cylinder i6 to the uid pressure` supply line I8 and toA the metering valve IS.

-vwnen the va1ve 2n 'is in theposiun `shown mme;

ure 8, the lower: end of the. cylinder communicates i with the metering valve` i9 through a four-way 65 valve 2i having a cylinderand'a plunger 22 re- 'clpocably mounted in vthe cylinder. The cylinder ofthe valve 2|, in addition to communicating ,with the valvef20 throughl the conduit 2|', also l communicates with an exhaust line' 23 and with, 7o,

the chambers 24 and 25ct the meteringyalve i9 by the Lconduits'tt and 21, respectively. When the valve plunger 22 is moved to the position shown in Figure 8, ilid tfrcmthe cylinder flows.

through'the valve 2 0 to the chamber 2l in the,

the valve plunger 22 in the opposite direction ref` verses the above operation in that the chamber is connected to the lower end of thecylinder I 5 and the chamber 24 is connected to the exhaust line 23. With this construction; it will be 'noted that the table G is moved downwardly under the action-of gravity by a step-by-step movement and that the extent of travel during each step depends upon the capacity of the metering chambers 24 and 25. When the piston I5 assumes i'ts lower-- most position in the cylinder I5, the valve 25 is operated to connect the supply line I5 with the lower end of the cylinder I5 and in this manner the lpiston I5 is again lifted to its initial starting position, shown in Figure 8.

It has been stated above that the 'vertical feed of the table G is effected at the end of each traversing lfeed of the tools F, and this is accomplished by accurately timing the operation of the valve 2|,` In detail, the valve plunger 22 is moved in one direction by an electromagnet 33, and in the opposite direction by a spring 34. I'he load coil of the electromagnet is located in an electrical circuit, shown in, Figure 8 as also including an on-and-oi" switch which is actuated by fingers 35 and 31 adjustably mounted on the table G for movement therewith. The space between the lingers is predetermined in dependence upon the extent of oscillation or traversing feed of the tools F required and function to successively open and close the circuit to the electromagnet 33 at the end of each transverse movement of the table G. In other words, the arrangement is such that at the end of the transverse travel of the table G in one direction, the finger 35 is operated to close the switch 35 and effect a movement of the valve plunger 22 to the position -shown in Figure 8, wherein the chamber 24 of the metering valve I9 is connected to the bottom of the cylinder I5 and wherein the chamber 25 is connected to the exhaust line 23. Qn the other hand, when the table G approaches the end of its travel in the opposite direction, the finger 31 opens the switch 35 and permits the spring 34 to move the valve plunger 22 to its other extreme position wherein the chamber 24 of the metering valve is connected to the cylinder I5 and the chamber 25 is exhausted. Thus, it will be seen that the table G is fed downwardly a predetermined increment of travel at the end of traversing movement of the table G in each direction.

The radius of the arc through which the tools F are oscillated by the table G is so great as compared to the extent of oscillation of the tools,

that, for all practical purposes, the tools may. be' considered as moved linearly relative to the work.

For oscillating the table G about the axis A, I proyide an electric motor 40 supported `in any suitable manner on the frame structure of the machine and operatively connected to thel piston I5 in the cylinder I5 for imparting a rotative movement to this cylinder. Upon reference to Figure 2, it will be noted that a gear segment 4I is splined on the piston I5 in a manner to provide for kvertical movement of the piston relative to the gear, and the latter is adapted to mesh l .with a pinion. secured to the upper end lof a vertical shaft 43.l The lower end of the shaft 43 has a worm wheel 44 secured thereto and adapted to mesh with a worm 45 secured to a'horizontal shaft 46. A worm wheel 411s also secured to the shaft 45 and meshes with a worm 49 secured to the drive shaft of the motor 40. As a result of the foregoing, an operative connection is provid--l ed between the motor 45 and piston I5 for rotating the latter about the axis A and, since' the table G is secured to the top of the piston, it follows that the ytable G is rotated by the piston I5. 'I'he electric motor 45 is periodically reversed to secure the oscillatory movement of the table G, and this is effected by means of the switches 55, shown in the wiring diagram illustrated in Figure 8. The switches 55 reverse the polarity of the motor 40 in the usual manner and are actuated by the fingers 3.5 and 31, previously de scribed as adjustably secured to the tablel G. It may be pointed out at this time that the rotary circuit breakers 52 of each of the switches 55 and the switch 35 are secured to a common shaft 53 mounted for oscillation and having an indexing wheel 53' secured to one end thereof for engagement with the fingers 35 and 31.

7In cutting bottle molds of the general contour shown herein and particularly illustrated in Figure 6, itis desirable to oscillate the work supporting face plates D in order to maintain the cutting end of the tool F substantially normal to the surface of the work being cut. Of course, this necessitates also oscillating the pattern supporting face plates B and, for reasons which will be made more apparent as this description proceeds, the `face plate 54 at the control station is also oscillated. Upon reference to Figure 2, it will be noted that each of the face plates is secured to the upper end of a vertical shaft 55 having the opposite ends suitably journalled in bearings supported by the frame structure of the machine. 'Ihe lower end of each shaft 55 is also connected to a floating ring 55 oscillatable in a horizontal.

plane. In detail, a crank arm 51 is secured to the lower end of each shaft 55 and the extremity of this arm is pivotally connected to the ring 55 adjacent the periphery of the latter by means of a stud 58. The arrangement is such that oscillation of the ring 55 eiIects a corresponding oscillatory movement of each of the face plates.

The ring 55 is oscillated by a reversible electric motor 59 having a worm 55 secured to the drive shaft thereof and adapted to mesh with a worm wheel 6I secured to a transversely extending horizontal shaft 52 which is suitably journaled in bearings supported by the frame structure of the machine. A pair of. worms 53 are secured to the shaft 52 in axial spaced relationship and each Worm meshes with a worm wheel 54 xed to the lower end of a vertical shaft 55 also journalled in bearings mounted on `the frame structure. A crank arm 55 is secured tothe upper end of each shaft 55 and a stud 51 is secured to the free end of each crank arm. Thestuds are operatively connected to the ring 55 and serve to oscillate the latter. It will be observed from Figure 4 that the shafts 55 are spaced from each other circum- 'ferentially of the ring and cooperate with each other to impart the required driving force to the ring. It will also be apparent from the above that the ring 55 is carried by the cranks 51 and 66 so as to` shift with the cranks in a horizontal plane'.

The motor 55 is shown in Figure 8 as being in ble G and to merely employGthe oscillatory movel dependently and the same'r circuit as the motor I8, with the result that the polarity of this motor is reversed by the switches 58 at the same time the latter. reverse the polarity of the vmotor 48. Of course. it will be understood that the gearing employed to oscillate both the table Gand the faceplates is predetermined so that the table` G and face plates reach the end of their travel in each direction at the same time.

`Reference has been made above to the fact that table G during the cycle ofv operation. As one example of the foregoing, attention is directed tov Figure 6 wherein the shape of the -molds to be cut renders it expedient to use both movements insimultaneously. In detail, when cutting the area 11 of the molds, it is desirable to discontinue the transverse lineal movement of the table G and when cutting the area 18, it is expedient to use only the lineal 'travel of .the table G. Afterv the toolstravel over the area 18 and approach the area 19, it is expedient to again discontinue the lineal movement of the tamentof the face plates. On the other hand,

.when' cutting theside edge extremities 88 of the molds, it"/is desirable tol use the combination of both movements so that there will be no interference between the tools F and the work blanks. i

For accomplishing the above' results.' reference y is again made to Figure 8, wherein the face plate at the control station 54 is shown as having a plurality of fingers 54 secured thereto for adjustment circumferentiallyof the face plate. These fingers are predeterminedlypositioned to operate the "on-and-oif switch 8| in thencircuit to they motor I8 to control the periods of oscillatin of the table G required for the pa'rticlar shape of work being performed. `It will be noted that the rotor of the switchf8| is mounted on an oscillating shaft 82 having an indexing wheel 83 securedfat one end thereof inthe path of travel of the fingers 54. r l An on-and-oil -switch 84. is alsolocatedin thecircit to the rotary motor 58 and this switch i .is automatically operated to produce. the desired action of the face plates-by means of a plurality of fingers 85 adjustably secured to the table G. It will beseen, therefore, that with, the Vabove construction, the lineal travel of the table G and Y the oscillatory movement of the face plates may be used separately or in combination to suit the particular contour ofthe molds being cut;

In the brief description of the invention noted above, the operation of the valve Y, by the electromagent X is cleaned as cont'r'oned by the .photoelectric cell L and reference wasalsofmade to the fact that the valve Y-controlledthe operation of thelfiuid pressure means I. It will be remembered that the fluid pressure means I is operatively connected to the tools F and optical unitK for-respectively moving the latter toward and away from the' work blanks and pattern. In detail, the fluid pressure means I comprises a cylinder 88 located within the piston l5 on lthe vertical axis A and having the upper end secured to the pistom-for vertical movement asy a unit..`

with the latter; The lower end of the cylinder 88 is preferably open, while the upper end ofthe cylinder is closed by means of 'ay header 81 having-ports 88 and 88 therein. 'Ihe port 88 communicates with the space in the piston' Il5 around the-cylinder 88 and allows duid under pressure other hand', communicates with the interior of the cylinder 88 at the top side of the piston J.' and both ports are adapted to be alternately connected to a iluid pressure supply line 98 through the medium of the valve Y.

In detail, the valve Y comprisesl a plunger 9| reciprocably mounted in 'alongitudinallyjextending bore 92 and having an axially extending reduced portion 83 intermediatethe ends thereof communicating with'the supply line 98. In addition, the valve casing is formed with two chambers 94 and 85, respectively, connected to the ports 88 and 88 by means ofthe conduits 88 and 91. The valve chambers also communicate with the axial bore 92 of the valve through the medium of the passages 88 and 98. The two passages 88 and' 88. are predeterminedly spaced fromeach other axially of the bore -82 so as to alternately communicate with the reduced portion 83 of the valve plunger 8| in the extreme l lpositions of the latter.. In other words, when the electromagnet X is energizedby the photoelectric cell L to move the valve plunger to the position thereof shown in Figure .8, fluid underpressure flows from the supply line 88 through the valve Y and conduit 81 to the cylinder 86'abovej the .piston t1. on the' other banc, when the electromagnet is de-energized and the spring 'Z moves the' valve lplunger 8|. to its opposite extreme position'against'theadjustable stop. |88; fluid under pressure flows from the supply line 88 through the' valve and conduit 88 into the piston .I5 at'fthe underside 'of the piston J. `Of course, itvwill be understood that provision is,

made for alternately exhausting the fluid pressure admitted to the cylinder J'at opposite sides" of the piston. In detail, when the valve plunger is in -the position thereof shown in Figure 8, the

exhaust 23 is connected to the conduit .88 through 'the reduced portion |8| inthe valve plunger 8| and, as a consequence. uid pressure in the cylinder of the underside of the piston J is exhausted during` the introduction 'of the fluid -pressureintof the cylinder 88 at the top side 'of its opposite position against they the space in the cylinder 88 at the top ofthe piston isexhausted at the time uid under pressure is admitted to the cylinder 86 side'oIthepistOnJ. I Il n '-K. With'the above construction, it'will be seen that the iluid pressure'. means for moving the tools F andthe optical' unit K toward and away from the work and pattern, respectively, i's controlled by the photoelect'ric cell L. ,t

. In the present'illustrative embodiment of the invention, the piston vJ is operatively connected to the tools F and optical unit K by the 'followat the undering relatively simple mechanism. 'In`detail, the

piston J is secured to a vertical rod |84 slidably mounted in the head 81A and having a pair of vertically spaced plates |85 ksecured to the upper end thereof beyond the head 81. The vertical spacing between the plates ispredeterminedto receive'therebetween suitable rollers v|86 carried by the radially inner 'endslof a plurality of bell' crank levers- |81. The number of bell'crank levers corresponds to the ynumber of spindles employed i in the machine which, in the present instance, 4'is seven. The bellcranklevers |81 are pivoted intermediate the ends ,thereof to the table G,

pattern so that while the spindle Ofor this unit is moved in the same direction as the tools F,

. spindle and that the spindle proper is journalled nevertheless, the optical unit actually moves in the opposite direction with respect to the pattern. As previously brought out, the reason for this is so that the tools will-,cut a recess in the work blanks, although it is believed obvious that the optical unit may be supported on the same side of the pattern as the toolsl F in the event it is desired to cut cameo.

Each of the six work spindles are identical in construction andthe optical unit spindle- O diilers only fromthe work spindles in-that the radially outer end of this spindle supports yoke N rather than a tool and, accordingly, only one of the spindle units will be defined in detail herein. Upon reference to Figures 2 and '7, it will be noted that the spindle assembly comprises a casing H0 extending axially of the in bearings supported in,the casing at axially spaced points. The casing I I8 is removably supported in a housing ||2 secured to the table Gand having a hollow shaft 3 supported in the radially inner endl thereof on the axis of the spindle. The shaft ||3 is adapted to telescopically receive the radially inner end of the spindle and is-internally splined to cooperate with corresponding external splines ||4 on the spindle to eiect a driving connection therebetween. A series of change speed pulleys H5 are carried by the shaft ||3 at the radially inner end of the latter and these pulleys are adapted to be selectively connected to.a driving pulley |,|8 by means of a suitable belt |11. The driving pulley H8 is secured to the drive shaft ||8 oi a suitable electric motor ||8 fixedly secured to the top of the housing ||2. The motors are, of course, confined only to the tool carrying spindles since the only purpose of the same is to revolve the tools F at the desired cutting speed. The outer ends of the spindles H opposite the work stations are adapted to detachably receive a suitable quill |28 which, in turn, provides a removable holder for the tools F. The outer end oi the spindle O, on the other hand, is secured to the yoke 4N which surrounds the pattern C and provides a support for the optical unit at the radially outer side of the pattern.

When duplicating some classes of work, it may be advantageous to discontinue oscillation of the table G and each of the face plates at lthe eight stations illustrated herein when the tools .F are fed relative to theadjacent work blanks, and this is accomplished herein by opening the circuits to both the motors and 88 when lhe tools feed into or out of the work. Indetail, a stop valve A" is provided having a. cylinder B" and having a piston C" reciprocably mounted in the cylinder. Cne end of the cylinder'A B" communicates with the conduit 88 by means of a conduit 98 and the opposite end of the cylinder B" communicates with the conduit 91 through the medium oi' a conduit 81.L In other .words, the arrangement is such that `when uid under pressure is admitted to the cylinder 88 at the underside or the piston J to moye the toolsoutwardly, the piston C" is moved to the left in Figure 3 and when iiuid under pressure is admitted through the conduit 81 to the cylinder 88 above the piston J to feed the tools in-,. Wardly, iluid under pressure is admitted to the cylinder through the lconduit 91' to move the piston C" to the right in Figure 8.

With the above in mind, attention is called to the fact that a contact bar |28 is secured to the piston C" for movement therewith as a unit and is provided with a contact |28 electrically connected in one side of an electric vof a plunger |3| is supportedJ for sliding movement in the coil |'28and is connected to a pair of switches E and D, respectively, located in the circuits to the motors 48 andv 58. The switches E and D are normally maintained in their closed positions by means of a spring |32 surrounding the plunger-*III with one end engaging a xed abutment |28 and with the opposite end engaging a collar |84 secured to the plunger.

With the' above construction, it will be noted that when the piston C" is moved by uid pressure to the right in Figure 8Y a sumcient distance to engage the contact |28 with the contact |38, the circuit |21 to the solenoid coil |28 is closed permitting the'coil to move the plunger |8| against the action'of the spring |32 to open both the switches D" and E. This, of course, discontinues the operation dof both the motors 40 and 58 and stops the traversing `movements oi' the face plates and table G. At the same time, fluid under pressure-is, of course, admitted tothe cylinder 88 above the piston J with the result that thetra'versing movement of the work and pattern are discontinued during the time the tools and optical unit are moved outwardly. Assuming now that iluid pressure is admitted to thecylinder 88 at the underside of the piston J to feed the tools into the work, it will benoted that fluid under pressure is yadmitted to the cylinder B" through the conduit 88' to move the piston C, tothe lei't in Figure 8. This movement causes the contact |28 to disengage from the contact |38 and open the circuit |21. Opening of the circuit |21 permits the spring |22 to return the switches E" and D" to their closed positions. As aresult, the traversing movement of the work and pattern continues unless. of coursethe extent of feeding of the tools into the work is sumcient to engage the contact |28 with the contact |29. It this conditions exists,

the circuit |21 is again closed to energizethe theV normal pulsating movements of thetools' and optical unit required to maintain the apthepistonl I5 in the cylinder I6 and since the contour line lP and may be entirely eliminated when duplicating surfaces .free from abruptshoulders or recesses-of substantial dimension.

It-will be dnoted from Figure 2 that the table G and parts carried thereby are supported by contacting area of Ithe piston I5 with the cylinder -is substantially reduced when the table is in its uppermost position, it 4may be desirable to provide a supplementary support for the table G. .This is accomplished, in the present instanceby securing a plunger |2| tothe upper end` of the table G on the vertical axis A of the machine. and -by'fastening a cylinder |22 cylinder I6 to effectively support the table ,G-

throughout the entire cycle of operation..

InFigure 9 of the drawings. I have shown one type of clamp that may be provided on each of the work supporting face plates D to secure the work blanks thereto. "Indetail, each clamp is provided with abase |25 secured in any suitable manner-.to the top of one. of theface plates D and having upwardlyprojecting side walls |26 adapted toV extend around the work blank E at the outer side of the latter. The portions of the side ,walls adjacent the base |425 are connected by means of a b ar |21 adapted to assume a position at the radially inner side oi' the work'blank E, and the upper ends ofthe side walls areconnectedby means of a -bar |26 slidablyisupported on extensions |29 projecting upwardly from the side walls |26. The bar I28is shown in Figure 9 as having a. downwardly extending flange .|30 for engagement with the radially inner side of ,the work'blank when the bar is in its operative position with respect to the work blank. `'I'he clamping bar |28 is heldin its operative position by means of a pair of clamping screws I3| threadedly 'mounted in opposite ends of the bar and engaget so that the patternwill move' as a unit with the.

faceplate. In detaiL'the pattern may be provided with a dowel pin |40 which extends below plate.

the bottom of the pattern and has a pressed iitv in an opening |4| formed in the. pattern face From the foregoing, it will be observed that I y have provided a relatively simple, compact duplicating machine wherein a plurality of Y work blanks may be simultaneously fashioned by tools accurately movable in accordance withthe ,couAntour of a particular pattern by means controlled by a light sensitive cell. It will also be apparent that with my improved duplicating machine, the work blanks are uniformly and accuratelyl fashioned to the desired contour bytools controlled by a single optical system in such a manner as to requie 'the'minimum amount ofv attention on the part of the operator. Y

' WhatI claim as myinvention is:

1. In a duplicating'niachine, supporting means l for a plurality of work blanks and a pattern hav- 'ing a surface to be reproduced on the work blanks,

a plurality of tools for fashioning the 'work blanks and supported for movement toward-and .away from the work blanks, an opticalV system for scanning the surface aforesaid of the pattern and including a lightsensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations -in the contour of said surface, means for moving the tools and optical Vsystem as a unit l relative tothe work blanks and pattern to cause the ventire surface aforesaid of the pattern to be scanned by the optical system and to cause cor.- responding surfaces of the work blanksto be traversed by` the tools, and means Ycontrolled by the light sensitive cell for moving the tools as a unit towardand away from the work blanks.

'2. In aduplicating machine, supporting means for a plurality of work blanks and a. pattern having asm-face to be reproduced on the work blanks, a plurality of tools for fashioning the work blanks and supported for movement toward and away from, the work blanks, an optical sys- I tem for scanning the surface aforesaid ofthe pattern and including a light sensitive cell rendi ered conductive and non-conductivein accordance-withvariations in the contour of said surface, means for moving the tools and optical system as a unit relative to lthe work blanks and lliV ' trolled by the light sensitive cell for-moving the tools toward and away from the Awork' blanks.

3. In a duplicating machine, supporting meansr for a plurality of workblanks and a pattern having a surface to be reproduced on the work blanks, a plurality of tools for fashioning the work blanks and supported for movement toward and away from the work blanks, an' optical system for scanning the surface aforesaid'of the pattern and including a light sensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations in the contour of said surface, supporting means for the tools and optical system mounted for oscillation to cause the optical system to traverse the surface aforesaid and to cause the tools ward and away from the work blanks, an optical y system for scanning the surface aforesaid of the pattern and includinga light sensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations inthe contour of ,said surface, supporting meansvfor thetools vand opticaly Y.

system, means for oscillating the latter supporting means `and for moving the same a predetermined increment of travel along theaxis of oscillation. at the end of each oscillating movement to cause .the entire surface aforesaid vof the pattern to be traversed by the optical system and to cause corresponding surfaces'of 'the work blanks to be traversed by the tools, and means con-l -trolled'by the light sensitive cell for moving the tools toward and away from the work blanks.

5. In a duplicating machine, supporting means for a plurality of work blanks and a pattern having a surface to be reproduced on the Work blanks, a plurality of tools for fashioning the work blanks and supported for movement toward and away from the work blanks, an optical system for scanning the surface aforesaid of the pattern and including a light sensitive lcell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with tov ,work blanks. Y

variationsl in the contour of said surface, means for moving the tools and optical system as a unit relative to the work blanks andpattern tocause the entire surface aforesaid of the pattern to be scanned by the optical system and to causecorhaving a surface to be .reproduced on the work blanks, a plurality of tools for fashioning the Work blanks and supported for movement to-f" .ward 'and away from the work blanks, an optical system for scanning the surface aforesaid of rthe pattern and including a light sensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations in the contour of said surface, supporting means for the tools and optical system, means for oscillating the latter supporting means and for moving the same la predetermined increment of' travel along the axis of oscillation at the end of leach oscillating move- 4ment to cause the entire surface aforesaid of the pattern to be traversed by the optical system and to cause.corresponding'surfaces of the work blanks to be traversed by the tools, means for oscillatingthe work blanks and pattern relative to the tools and optical system, means controlled by the light sensitive cell for moving the tools toward and away from the Work blanks, and means for rendering both of the oscillating means inoperative during the interval the tools move toward the work blanks.

for a plurality of work blanks and a. pattern -having a surface to be reproduced on the work blanks, a plurality of tools for fashioning the Work blanks and supported for movement tolward and `away from the work blanks, an optical system for' scanning the surface aforesaid of the pattern and including a light sensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance withyariat-ions in the contour of said surface, supporting means for the tools and optical/system, means for voscillating the latter supporting means and for moving the same a predetermined increment of travel along the axis of oscillation at the end of each oscillating movement-.to cause the entire surface aforesaid of the pattern to be traversed by the optical system and to cause corresponding surfaces of the Work blanks to be traversed by the tools,l

means for oscillating the work blanks and pattern relative to the toolsv andoptical system, means controlled by the light sensitive cell for moving the tools toward and away from the lwork blanks, and means controlling the operation of both of said oscillating imeans to render one or the other inoperative depending 7. In a duplicating machine, supporting meansr upon the contour of the surface to be duplicated; 8In a duplicating machine, supporting means for a plurality of work blanks and a pattern having a4 surface to be reproduced on the work blanks, a plurality of tools for fashioning the work blanks and supported for movement toward and away from the work blanks, an optical system for scanning the surface aforesaid of the pattern and including a light sensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations in the contour of said surface, a table supporting the too-1s and optical system, a reversible motor for oscillating the table" relative to the work blanks and pattern, means for reversing said motor, a reversible motor for oscillating the supporting means for the work blanks and pattern, means on said table for reversingthe latter motor at the time the first motor is reversed, and means controlled by the light sensitive cell for moving the tools as a un;trelative to the table toward and away from the work blanks.

9. In a duplicating machine, supporting means for a' plurality of work blanks and a pattern having a surface to be reproduced on the work blanks, a plurality of tools for fashioning the work blanks and supported for movement t0- ward and away from the work blanks, an optical system for scanning the surface aforesaid of the pattern and including a light sensitive cell rendcredconductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations in the contour of said surface, a table supporting the tools and optical' system, `a reversible mortor for oscillating the table relative to the work blanks and pattern, a. reversibleumotor for oscillating the supporting means for `the work blanks and pattern, means operated by the table for 'reversing lboth motors, means also operated by the table for starting and stopping'the second motor during the oscillating cycle of the supporting means operated thereby, means oscillated by the second motor for starting and stoppingthe rst motor during the oscillating cycle of the table, and means controlled by the light sensitive cell for movingrthe tools asa unit relative to the table toward and away from the work blanks.

10. Ina duplicating machine, supporting means for a plurality of work blanks and a pattern having a. surface to be reproduced on the work blanks, a plurality of tools for fashioning thev work blanks and supported for movement toward and away from the work blanksan optical system for scanning the surface aforesaid of the pattern and including a light sensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive-in accordance with variations in the conto'ur of said surface, supporting means for the tools and optical system, means for oscillating the latter supporting means relative to the C,work blanks and pattern, means for moving the latter supporting means by a step-by-step movement .along the axis of oscillation of the latter supporting means, means operated by the lat- `ter Asupporting means for controlling the last named means to effect a predetermined movement of the supporting means along the axis `of oscillation thereof at the ends of travel of the supporting means in each direction, and means controlledby the light sensitive cell for movingmlie tools toward and away from the work blanks.

11. In a lduplicating machine, supportingv the work blanks, a plurality of tools for Vfashioning the work blanks and supported for movement toward and away from .the work blanks," an optical system for scanning the surface afore- 6 said of the pattern and including a light sensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations in the. contour of said surface, an oscillatable table supporting the tools and optical system, a reversible l motor for oscillating ,the table relative to-'the work blanks and pattern, a reversible motor for oscillating the supporting means for the work and pattern, means for moving the table by a step-by-,step movement along the axis of oscil- '16 lation of the table, means operated by the table for reversing both motors and for simultaneously actuating the latter means to eiect movement of the table along the axis of oscillation thereof, and means controlled by the light; sensitive cell -N yfor moving the tools towardand away from the work blanks. 12. In a duplicating machine, a generally circular table, means supporting a plurality of work blanks .and a pattern in spaced relation to each other around the periphery of the table, a too'l mounted on the table opposite each work blank for movement radially of the axis of the table toward and away from the work blanks, an optical system on said table oppositethe pattern for I0 scanning the surface of the pattern to be reproduced on` the work bl nks and including a light sensitive cell rendere conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations'in the'contour of said surface, an element reciprocable on the axis of-the table and operatively connected to the radially inner ends` of the tools for moving-`the latter toward and away from the work blanks, and means controlled bythe light sensi-.b tive cell for reciprocating said element. a

a) 13. In a duplicating machine, a generally circular table, a plurality of work supporting members and a pattern supporting member concentrically arranged with respect to the axis of the A table beyond the periphery of the latter,a tool 45 mounted on the table opposite each work support for movement radially of the axis of the table toward and away from the work blanks on'said members, an optical system on said table opposite the pattern supporting member fof'scanning the surface of the pattern to be reproduced on the `lili dially of the ax'isof the table toward and away from the workv blanks on said members, an optical system on said table opposite the pattern supporting member for scanning the surface of the pattern to be reproduced on th work blanks and 70 including a light sensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations in the contourvof said surface, means for oscillatingthe table about-its axis relative to the supporting members aforesaid and for moving the table a predetermined increment of travel work blanks and includinga light sensitive cell along the axis of oscillation at the end of oscillation'in each direction, an -element reciprocable on the axis of koscillation of the table independent of the lattermeans and operatively connected to the radially inner ends'of the tools for moving 5 Y the latter towardand away from the work blanks, and means controlled by the light sensitive cell for reciprocating said element.' I

15. In a duplicating machine', a table, means -Ior supporting ya plurality of work blanks and a 1o pattern in spaced relation toeach other around the table, a tool mounted onf the table opposite each work blank for movement generally radially 4 of the axis of the table toward and away from the work blanks, an optical system on said table l5 opposite the pattern forscanning the surface of the pattern to be reproduced on the work blanks and including a light sensitive cell-rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations in the contour of said surface, means for oscillating the supporting means relative to the tools and optical system, and means cony trolled by the light sensitive cell and connected to i, the' radially inner ends of the tools for moving the latter toward andaway from the work blanks.

- 16. In a duplicating machine, a table mounted for rotative movement, a plurality of work sup-- porting members and a pattern supporting mem- "ber arranged in v"spaced relation to"`"ach otlir around the axis of the table, ia tool mounted on` the tableopposite each work support for movement generally radially of the axis of the table toward and away from the work blanks on said members,

an optical system on said table`- opposite the pat- Y tern supportingmember for scanning the surface of the pattern to be reproduced o n the work blanks and including a light sensitive cell rendered conductive and'non-conductive in. accordance with variations in the contour of said surface, means for oscillating the 'table about its40 axis relative to the supporting members aforesaid and for moving the table a predetermined increment of travel along the axis of oscillation at the en'd of oscillation` in each direction, a ring surrounding the axis of oscillation of the table 415V and operatively connected to the supporting memibersaforesaid, means for oscillating the ring to effect an oscillation of the supporting members relative to the table, and means controlled-by the light sensitive cell and operatively connected to the radially inner ends of the tools for moving the latter toward and away from the'work blanks.

17. In a duplicating machine, a plurality of tools extending-generally radially outwardly from a common point, a work blank supported op- 55- posite'each tool,l means for relatively 'moving the work blanks and tools in directions to cause the work blanks to` be traversed4 by their respective tools, a pattern having'a surface to be reproduced on the work blanks, means reciprocable in 030A directions extending transversely to the directions of movement of the-tools and operatively.

.connected to the tools for moving the latter as a unit toward and away from the work blanks, and means responsive to variations in contour of the pattern for controlling'the operation ofthe last named means. f

18. In a duplicating machine, a table supported for rotative-movement, means'supporting a-f-pluv rality of work blanks in spaced relation to each 70.

other around the axis 'of rotative movement' of l the table, a tool mounted on the table opposite eachwork blankfor movement relative to the table generally radially of Athe axis of rotation of i the table toward and away from the work blanks.

19. In aduplicating machine, a table supported for rotative movement. means supporting a plu.l

rality of work blanks and a pattern in spaced relation to each other around the axis of rota-v tive movement of the table, a tool mounted on the table opposite each work blank for movement generally radially of the axis of rotation of the table toward and away -from the work blanks, means operativelyaconnected to the table for imparting a rotative movement to the latterl relative to the work blanks and pattern, an element' reciprocable in directions extending transversely to the directions of movement of the tools andA operatively connected to the tools for moving the latter toward 'and away from the work blanks, means for reciprocating said element, and means responsive to variations in contour of the pattern for controlling the operation of said last named means.

, 20. In a duplicating machine, a table supported for rotative movement, means supporting a plurality of work blanks and a pattern in spaced relation to each other around theY axis of rotative movement of thetable, a tool mounted on the table opposite each work blank for movement g5 generally radially of the axis of rotation of the table toward and away from the work blanks, means operatively connected to the table for im'- partlng a rotative movement to the latter rela-Y tive tothe work blanks and pattern, means for o moving the table in a direction parallel to the axis of rotative movement thereoian element reciprocable in a direction parallel to the axis of rotative movement of the table and operatively connected to the tools for moving the latter to- .ward and away from the work blanks, means supported on the table opposite the pattern and movable by the element aforesaid relative to the table toward and away from the pattern 'in' dependence upon variations in contour of the patw tern, and means controlled by said last named means and operatively connected tothe element for reciprocating the latter.

21. In a duplicating machine, a table supported for oscillation"about an axis, means supporting a plurality of work blanks and a pattern in spaced relation to each other around the axis of oscillation ofthe table, a tool mounted on the table opposite each work blank for movement generally radially of the axis voiosclllation of the table toward and away from the work blanks,

f means operatively connected to the table for oscillating the latter relative to the work blanks and pattern, means -movable toward and away from the pattern in accordance with variations in the o5 surface contour ofthe latten-and means controlled by the last named means lior`eil'ecting corre- -sponding movement of the tools toward and away from their respective work blanks. 2 22. In a duplicating machine, a table supported for oscillation about an'axis', means-supporting aplurality or work blanks and a pattern in spaced relation to each other around the axis of oscillation of. the table, a'tool mounted on the table opposite each work blank for movement n generally radially of the axis of oscillation o! relation to each other around the axis ot oscillaeach work blank ki'oxmovement radially of, the

the table toward and away from the work blanks, means -Io'r oscillating the table about its axis relative to the work blanks and pattern, means rfor moving the table a predetermined increment of travel along the axis of oscillation thereof at 5 the end of oscillatory movement in each direc-'- tion, an element reciprocable in directions parallel to the axis of oscillation o! the table and operatively connected to the tools for moving the latter toward and away from' the work 10 blanks, means supported on the table opposite the pattern and movable by said elementtoward and away from` the pattern in response to variations in the contour 'of the latter, and means controlled by the last named means for recipro- 15 eating said element.

23. In a duplicating machine, a table SuPDOred for oscillation about an axis, means supporting a plurality ofiwork blanks and a pattern in spaced tion of the table, a tool mounted on the table opposite each work blank for movement generally radially oi.' the axis of oscillation of the table toward vand away from the work blanks, means for oscillating the table about its axis 25 relative to the work blanks and pattern. means for oscillating the pattern and each work blank relative tothe table, means supported on the table opposite the pattern and movable in directions toward and away from the pattern in de- 30 pendence upon variations in contour of said pattern, and means controlled'by the last named 'means for eiiecting corresponding movement of the tools toward and away from their respective work blanks. 3g

24. In a duplicating machine, a plurality of tools extending generally radially outwardly from a common point, a work blank supported opposite each tool, a pattern having a surface to be reproduced in the work blanks, an optical 'system opposite the surface aforesaid of the pattern for scanning said surface and including a light sensitive cell rendered conductive and non-conductive in accordance with variations in the contour of the pattern surface; means for relatively moving the work blanks and tools to cause the tools to traverse the adjacent surfaces ot the work I blanksy andfor also correspondingly relatively moving the pattern and; `optical system, and means controlled by the light sensitive cell for relatively moving the work blanks and tools toward and away lfrom each other.

25. In a duplicating machine, means for supporting a plurality` or work blanks and apettern in spaced relation to each other around a common center, a table supported for rotation relative to' the work blanks and having its axis ofv rotation intersecting the center about which the work blanks and pattern arev posi` tioned, a tool "mounted on the table opposite axis oi' the table toward and away from the work blanks, means also mounted on said table for movement toward and away from the lpettern and responsiveV to variations in contour of the pattern to eiiect corresponding relative movement of the tools Vrelative to the work blanks,` means for oscillating the table and for moving the same a predetermined increment of travel along the axis or oscillation .at the end of each oscillating movement to cause the en* -tire surface ola-the pattern to be traversed by the last named means and to causecorresponding surfaces of' thework blanks to be traversed by, the tools, means for oscillating the work u blanks and pattern relative to the tools and optical system, and means controlling the operation of both of said oscillating means to render one or the other inoperative depending upon the contour of the surface to be duplicated.

26. In a duplicating machine, a plurality of work blanks and a pattern supported in spaced relation to each other around a common center, a table supported for rotation and having its axis. intersecting the common center aforesaid, a tool mounted on the table opposite each work blank for movement radially of the axis of the table toward and away from the work blanks, an optical system mounted on the table in a position opposite the pattern for movement toward and away from the latter, said optical system including means for casting an image on one surface of the pattern having a contour line representing one section of said surface and also including a light 'sensitive cell having an aperture intersecting the contour line of the image on the surface of the pattern, a member reciprocable in directions extending transversely to the directions of movement of the tools and optical systemand operatively connected to the tools and optical system to effect movement thereof as a unit toward and away from the Work blanks and pattern to maintain the' aperture of the light'sensitive cell in intersecting relation with the contour 'line of the image on the 'surface of the pattern, and means con-'- trolled by the light sensitive cell for reciprocating said member. n

27. In a duplicating machine, a plurality of tools extending generally radially outwardly from a common point, awork blanksupported 'opposite the outer end of 'each tool, a pattern having a surface to be reproduced on the Work blanks, means engageable with the inner .ends of thevtools for moving the latter as a unit in directions toward and away from the Work blanks, and an optical system for.scanning the section of the pattern and having a light sensitive cell positioned to receive radiant energy reflected from the surface of the pattern, said light sensitive cell having an aperture intersecting the contour line an being responsive to variations in the light intensity reflected from the surface of the pattern at opposite sides of the contour line, means for relatively moving the optical system and pattern and for correspondingly-relatively moving the Work blanks and tools to cause the surface of the pattern to be trave ersed by the optical system and to also cause the corresponding surfaces of the work blanks to be traversed by the tools, means controlled by the light sensitive cell and engageable with the inner ends of the'tools and optical. system for moving the optical system toward and away from the pattern to maintain the aperture in intersecting relationship with the contour line and for correspondinglymoving the tools as a unit relative to the Work blanks.

EVERE'I'I J. COOK. 

